一﹑词汇误用
1、名词可数与不可数的误用
Too much tests are disadvantage for students' study. （误）
Too many tests are disadvantageous to students. （正）
In modern society, people are under various pressures.（误）
In modern society, people are under various kinds of pressure. （正）
2、动词误用
①及物与不及物误用
The traffic accident was taken place at the junction of two highways. （误）
The traffic accident took place at the junction of two highways. （正）
Because of his excellent performance, the boss rose his salary. （误）
Because of his excellent performance, the boss raised his salary. （正）
②情态动词误用
It may not good to our health. （误）
It may be not good to our health. （正）
③动宾搭配不当
We must pay attention to it and make solutions to the problem. （误）
We must pay attention and find a solution to the problem. （正）
It also may help you to make success. （误）
It may also help you succeed/obtain your goal. （正）
3、形容词错误
Surprising enough, he faces the failure very bravely. （误）
Surprisingly enough, he faces the failure very bravely. （正）
4、副词误用
What is more, the change of the weather will make the place look differently. （误）
What is more, the change of the weather will make the place look different. （正）
5、代词误用
①偷梁换柱
An important thing for the student to remember is that when writing a paper, you should not plagiarize. （误）
An important thing for the student to remember is that when writing a paper, he should not plagiarize. （正）
If we cheat others, friends will never believe you and they will leave you alone. （误）
If we cheat others, friends will never believe us and they will leave us along. / If you cheat others, friends will never believe you and they will leave you alone. （正）
②指代不明
He gave a reason for not attending the meeting, which nobody believed. （误）
He gave a reason, which nobody believed, for not attending the meeting. / He gave a reason for not attending the meeting, a reason which nobody believed. （正）
Sometimes teachers have to inform the students of the heavy burden they have to bear. （误）
Sometimes teachers have to inform the students of the heavy burden the students have to bear. （正）
6、词类混淆
None can negative the importance of money.（误）（negative 是形容词，误作动词。）
None can deny the importance of money. （正）
7、冠词错误
In my opinion the future of bicycle is very promising. （误）
In my opinion the future of the bicycle is very promising. （正）
8、分词误用
Comparing with other countries, China pays little attention to the energy problem. （误）
Compared with other countries, China pays little attention to the energy problem. （正）
Those spirits were just like an indispensable part of the whole picture when viewing through my camera. （误）
Those spirits were just like an indispensable part of the whole picture when viewed through my camera. （正）
9、介词to和不定式符号的混淆
Too many tests will do harm to cultivate our independent thinking. （误）
Too many tests will do harm to the cultivation of our independent thinking. （正）
All these contributed to solve the serious problem. （误）
All these contributed to the solution to the serious problem. （正）
10、修饰语误置
To keep the air clean, we must move to the countryside the factories which give off poisonous gases. （误）
To keep the air clean, we must move the factories which give off poisonous gases to the countryside. （正）
11、垂悬修饰语
Having carried out economic reforms in our country, people’s living standard has been greatly improved. （误）
Having carried out economic reforms in our country, people have greatly improved their living standard. （正）
To tell my friend the good news, the letter was posted at once. （误）
To tell my friend the good news, I posted the letter at once. （正）
12、搭配错误
In the past, the price of meat was so expensive that most families could not afford it. （误）
In the past, the price of meat was so high that most families could not afford it. （正）
Crowded traffic in some large cities is a big problem for city dwellers. （误）
Heavy traffic in some large cities is a big problem for city dwellers（正）
13、词组误用
They insist on post-graduate study is very important for them.
（误）
They insist that post-graduate study is very important for them. （正）
I am afraid of that it’s going to rain. （误）
I am afraid that it’s going to rain. （正）
二﹑句子错误分析
1、主语错误
①主语缺失
In our country feels very free.（误）
People feel free in our country.（正）
②非名词主语
Keep two full-time jobs is simply impossible. （误）
Keeping two full-time jobs is simply impossible. （正）
③主谓错位
Reading books can acquire knowledge. （误）
People can acquire knowledge from books. （正）
2、谓语错误
①多重谓语
Poverty makes many people can’t study abroad. （误）
Poverty makes many people unable to study abroad. （正）
Poverty makes it impossible for many people to study abroad. （正）
Poverty prevents many people from studying abroad. （正）
Many people can’t study abroad because of poverty. （正）
②非动词谓语
It is said that the place worths touring. （误）
It is said that the place is worth touring. （正）
③主谓不一致
I have to visit the teacher who teach me College English. （误）
I have to visit the teacher who teaches me College English. （正）
3﹑平行错误
①名词(短语)平行结构
The speaker called attention to the beginning and how it ended. （误）
The speaker called attention to the beginning and end of the movement.（正）
② 形容词平行结构
He was sympathetic,tolerant,and people respected him. （误）
He was sympathetic,tolerant,and respected by people. （正）
③ 分词平行结构
The boys were running,shouting and to laugh. （误）
The boys were running,shouting and laughing. （正）
④ 动名词平行结构
Jane prefers singing to dance. （误）
Jane prefers singing to dancing. （正）
⑤ 动词不定式平行结构
To know what is good and doing what is right is not the same thing（误）
To know what is good and to do what is right is not the same thing（正）
⑥ 副词平行结构
The work is handsome and skillfully done. （误）
The work is handsomely and skillfully done. （正）
⑦ 短语平行结构
Studies serve for delight ,for ornament ,and being able.（误）
Studies serve for delight ,for ornament ,and for ability.（正）
4、破句
Nowadays, if you want to find a job. Then you must pass the job interview. （误）
Nowadays, if you want to find a job, you must pass the job interview. （正）
First you should show good manners. Because the first impression you leave on others is important. （误）
First you should show good manners, because the first impression you leave on others is important. （正）
5﹑句子不完整
There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on . （误）
There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio ,and newspaper. （正）
There is a saying goes ... （误）
There is a saying which goes ... （正）
There are many people think that... （误）
There are many people who think that.../Many people think that... （正）
It's the major thing affects people's friendship. （误）
It's the major thing that affects people's friendship. （正）
When we have difficulty, someone helps you right away is the real friend. （误）
When we have difficulty, someone who helps you right away is the real friend. （正）
6﹑不间断句子
There are many ways we get to know the outside world. （误）
There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. /There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world. （正）
7﹑不连贯
The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth. （误）
Fresh water is the most important thing in the world. （正）
8﹑累赘
People are not sure that whether... （误）
People are not sure whether... （正）
In my opinion, I agree with the view that... （误）
I agree with the view that... （正）
share many common interests （误）
share many interests （正）
For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need. （误）
Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need. （正）
9、汉语式句子
My English spoken is not good. （误）
I am not good at spoken English./My spoken English is not good. （正）
Friendship is important for no matter rich people or poor people. （误）
Friendship is possible, whether for rich people or for poor people. （正）
If people become friends, both of them won't care about money... （误）
If people become friends, neither of them care about money... （正）
If someone's family situation is not well, he can apply for loan to bank. （误）
If one's family is not well off, he can apply to the bank for a loan. （正）
Let alone touch the outside world of campus/keep a good body health.（误）
Let alone get in touch with the world outside of the campus/keep fit.（正）
There are many ways to solve the tuition and fees of college education. （误）
There are many ways to raise the money for the tuition and fees for college education. （正）
10﹑There be句型的误用
There exists some new problems such as being dishonest. （误）
There exist/arise some new problems such as being dishonest. （正）
三、常见标点错误
1． 错用句号
例如：We should work harder to make our motherland more and more beautiful。
简析：英语中的句号是实心圆点，因为英语中的句号如果和汉语一样，则容易与字母 “o” 相混淆。
2． 错用顿号与省略号
例如：My brother likes eating fruit very much, such as apples、pears、bananas、grapes……
简析：英语中没有顿号，要表示句中较短的并列词语之间的停顿，汉语习惯用顿号，而英语只能用逗号；汉语中连词 “和”、“及”之前不可用顿号，而英语中连接一系列并列词语的 “and” 或 “or” 之前往往可以用逗号。另外，本例中的省略号不能像汉语那样用 “……”，而应用 “...”。
3． 错用连字符
例如：At that time, I was only a five—year—old little girl．
简析：英语中的连字符不能写得太长，其长度应与一个字母的宽度相当。
4． 错用冒号
例如：My father said: “Study hard, my boy, don’t worry about us!”
简析：汉语中直接引语前的 “某某说” 等词之后一律用冒号，而英语中却习惯用逗号。
5． 错用问号
例如：I couldn’t understand why she asked me such a strange question？
简析：宾语从句由疑问词引导时，句子末尾的标点符号应由主句来决定。
6． 错用书名号
例如：Last winter I read a lot of novels written by famous writers．And 《A Tale of Two Cities》gave me a deep impression．
简析：英语中没有书名号 “《 》”，表示书的名称一般用引号，或将书名本身用斜体。
节选自 《大学英语四级考试写作全解读》
图书介绍
